Leadership and Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Human Behavior Essay As a leader, you need to interact with your followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support you need in order to accomplish your goals. To gain their support, you must be able to understand and motivate them. To understand and motivate people, you must know human nature. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Unlike others researchers in the earlier days of psychology, Abraham Maslows based his theory of human needs on creative people who used all their talents, potential, and capabilities (Bootzin, Loftus, Zajonc, Hall, 1983). His methodology differed from most other psychological researchers at the time in that these researchers mainly observed mentally unhealthy people. Maslow (1970) felt that human needs were arranged in a hierarchical order that could be divided into two major groups: basic needs and metaneeds (higher order needs): * Basic Needs are physiological, such as food, water, and sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and self-esteem. These basic needs are also called â€Å"deficiency needs† because if they are not met by an individual, then that person will strive to make up the deficiency. * Metaneeds or being needs (growth needs). These include justice, goodness, beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take priority over these meta needs.

Expression of Desires In Arabic Women’s Novels :: Arab Culture Cultural Essays

Expression of Desires In Arabic Women’s Novels Picking an original and engaging topic that is able to span all five of the very different authors’ novels we examined this semester proved to be a difficult task. Though there are certainly similarities between each book and overlying themes that connect them, ultimately I didn’t want to get tied down into the shifty and unsafe territory of placing novels together solely because one, they are all written by women; or two, they all emerge out of the Arabic world. However, there are certainly broad themes present in all of the novels, and I chose to focus on how women express, or can’t express their desires and wants, and how the ability to do so leads to agency and freedom in one’s own life. A woman’s desires, sexual and otherwise, seems surprisingly suppressed or not allowed in each novel. When it does emerge, it seems that too often one’s own desire is replaced with the need to be desirable for men, and so these women’s wants are placed aside in favor of the male protagonists’ wishes. I want to explore this topic in each novel, taking a look at when a woman is able to express desire, when it must give way and take second place to a man’s wants, and how, ultimately, it seems to free the women who chose to make their own path according to their wants, dreams, and goals. As we finish the semester and conclude our discussions on Arabic women, I think it’s important to note that though at times these women have agency in their lives, quite often, despite different upbringings, social/political/economic status, regions of habitation, and direct contact with Western influence, they are ultimately unable to take total control of their own lives. Obviously there are varying degrees to which this is applicable, and certainly some of the women are stronger than others, but overall, I think a very key message that all of these female authors are sending out is that women’s struggle for freedom and equality is still a battle that is being fought-- all over the world for sure, but certainly in the Middle East. Pillars of Salt, perhaps the novel with the strongest female character, is the one novel where desire is seen and nothing stops Maha from expressing her wants, both sexually and when it concerns her husband, son, and father.

Conceptual Cognition and Problem Solving Styles Essay

The article â€Å"Thinking† found in the Northeastern University Website presents insights regarding conceptual cognition and problem solving skills. It claims that although people may have similar concepts, we differ from each other by our conceptual cognition and problem solving styles. To elaborate, the author cites how people define concepts. It shows that people have similar concepts of things especially those perceived by sight. For instance, features including two eyes, four legs, two ears, one tail, barking, sharp teeth, etc., would definitely pertain to a dog. Likewise, a photo of a child smiling is an indication of a happy child, not a sad one. However, there are also some concepts in our society that have changed a bit but not entirely. Although they are modified through time, a certain degree of people’s cognition of the original concept remains the same. Take for example, marriage. In the past, the concept of marriage is limited to a man and a woman, but now the concept allows man to man marriage, so although the concept is altered a bit, the concept of togetherness and commitment still holds truth. Concepts are arranged into hierarchies. For instance, a bedroom is smaller than a house, and a block is smaller than a neighborhood. Applying it in the school context, there are students under one teacher, and there are teachers under one director, etc. Similarly, in the corporate scene, there are subordinates and supervisors. Moreover, concepts are formed by definition and prototype. We learn concepts as the environment define them for us. For instance as children, we were familiarized by our parents with the things in the house, such as a table and a chair. Later on when we went to our neighbor’s, we realized that tables can be in different forms or colors, but the role they play remains the same. Through definition and prototype, we obtain similar concepts of things around us. The issue of cognition is not much of a problem but problem solving styles are. The three methods to solve a problem include: trial and error, algorithms, and heuristics. In trial and error, one is bound to use more effort and time to arrive at the right answer. This method requires several trials and shortcuts, and does not guarantee giving the right answer. The second method is algorithm. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure usually involving computations. Unlike trial and error, it is methodical and guarantees arriving at the correct answer. However, since it requires a procedure, it is more time consuming than the other. The third method used to solve a problem is heuristics. This method requires â€Å"speculative formulation†¦as a guide in the investigation or solution of a problem.† (Answers.com, n.d.). It posits that the background of the matter, ie religion, society be investigated upon in order to arrive at a conclusion. Although this method is not accurate and does not guarantee a definite answer, it leads to a certain conclusion or information related to the problem. Each of the methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. When combined, the three methods will help one arrive at a valid answer. For instance, when conducting research, it is not enough to present statistics of people experiencing a specific problem. One needs to dwell on observations, surveys, interviews, etc. to obtain a full view of the situation. Applying this to the classroom scenario, students should be taught how to apply and combine the three methods in order to facilitate problem solving tasks. Particularly, when teaching research, teachers should incorporate teaching and application of the three methods so that students will not only have options but arrive at definite and valid conclusions for their study. References Algorithm. Retrieved 5 August 2008, from http://www.answers.com/topic/algorithm Heuristic. Retrieved 5 August 2008, from http://www.answers.com/heuristic

Horror Movies Have Been Knowing Along With Human History.

Horror movies have been knowing along with human history. It is one of the best-known genres that supports the deep down audience’s horror demand that has changed in almost every era. The terrify and scary story become more for entertain than scare people. This essay will discuss about the studying of movie genres and look more specially at Horrors movies which have always been changed during time with new style and technical stuffs to attract audience’s demand. The horror movie is one of the most changed genres during the human history. Human has created this genre to satisfy they deep eagerly of danger, violent, nausea and the curiosity of some incidence that might not usually happen to them such as they were hunting by a ghost†¦show more content†¦However, after the time passing Horror story became one of the human’s entertainment. They usually appear in everyday life such as the ghost story at that campfire and the scary tale of children bedtime story. The film genre has been created since silent movies era to separate and identify to tell the different if each film. â€Å"A genre can be simply defined as a large category of stories united by their particular settings, characters, themes, and narrative conflicts.†(Worland 2007, p.15). For advertisement and promotion of the movie, film genre is very useful. It can tell audiences more information about the film before they design to watch it. For example, If some of the audience have watched â€Å"Dracula (1931)† and like this kind of movie. They want to watch more similar movies of this film. They can find the director’s name or actors name, but all overcome they can find it more easily to separate these kinds of film to be one individual genre called â€Å"Horror film†. Then they can find that â€Å"Frankenstein (1931)† is the another movie that is similar to â€Å"Dracula (1931)† they have watched because they have same story type and th emes in the movie. In late 1700, the horror has started to began. There were many book authors that start to create the horror and scary story in the novel from which have been called Gothic novels. It was very famous in UnitedShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : The Last Man 1347 Words   |  6 Pagesadapting a comic book or novel. Sure, you can write a film based on a book or comic and have it be great, but if it s a lengthy property, that means that a lot of stuff will get cut out. Do you know how fantastic it would be if Harry Potter was adapted for a television series? The books are huge, and although the movies are great, I think that if they adapted the books into a television format, it could have been even better. There are still a lot of comic books and novels that could be adapted forRead MoreBreaking Boundaries Of Tradition History1996 Words   |  8 PagesHolocaust most of the time, they will think about the people who died, but rarely will they consider those who survived. There are many survivors today who are not recognized for their struggles the face today, as well as the ones they have faced in their history. The after affects on these people is still prominent even today, through the low numbers in their population, and their psychological damage. The films â€Å"Schindler’s List† and â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pajamas† are both set in the HolocaustRead MoreFilm Saving Private Ryan And The Longest Day Essay2441 Words   |  10 Pagesfront was codename D-Day, this invasion was later known by the allies as the landings on the beaches of Normandy, when they stormed the beaches of Normandy. Many films have immortalized this moment, but as they progressed throughout decades they have changed greatly in the times. The films Saving Private Ryan and The Longest Day both have large aspects of D-Day, The world of film has changed from the times of the war, to the present. The Longest Day of 1969, Hollywood’s first hit movie based on D-DayRead MoreI Chose Student Revolution By Erica Jones2427 Words   |  10 PagesErica Jones in her book of poetry Fruits and Vegetable. This poem refers to a revolution of students during what I imagine to be the 1970s or 1960 s. I chose this poem because I identify with many of the revolutions that happened throughout history and have a deep interest in studying the causes and the context of all relations to happen through all time. My first inner text citation is from the first line of the poem, After the teach-in, we smeared the walls with our solidarity,. This lineRead MoreMy First Punk Concert Essay1962 Words   |  8 Pagesmy music a little louder to drown out the nagging. I feel a little nervous not really knowing what to expect from tonight, it is my first punk rock show. My brother came over ,and I hear him knock on the front letting my grandpa and I know that it is time to leave. In the car we rock out to some old timey tunes from the 1980’s, because of course that is when the best music was born. I feel like I might have pee my pants, maybe I drank too much water or I’m nervous I might break my face in theRead MoreThe Illuminati2103 Words   |  9 Pageswas a group formed in Germany 1776 in order to rule the world with their wealth and power (â€Å"Illuminati† 1). Recently it has been on everyone’s mind, but why? It is being exposed more and more every day. They are trying to take over our nation. â€Å"The infamous Illuminati secret society has remained the focus of so-called ‘conspiracy theorists’ for hundreds of years. They have been called the puppet masters who secretly pull the strings of the world’s events from elections to revolutions, and from businessRead MoreEssay on On Feminism and Postmodernism3282 Words   |  14 Pagesfeminism chooses to place itself within the absolutism of the modernist movement. While feminism argues for the continuation of the subject/object dichotomy, aiming largely to reverse the feminine position of the latter to the former, postmodernism would have the modernist movement deconstructed in its entirety, including all such metanarratives. Postmodernism also champions the fragmented self, the idea of a unitary whole existing only within a fictitious reality. This idea is one which feminism hasRead MoreSupernatural in American Fiction Essay2928 Words   |  12 Pageseveryone will continue to seek it. Perhaps it is because society, particularly American society because of its history, believes the final horrors are ghosts and demons, when truly it is the hidden aspects of its own soul.6 As reflected by its literature, American society has always held a deep fascination with the supernatural. Evidence of this is seen throughout American history, from the Puritan era onward. In modern society, one would think that there isnt any place for fantasy and superstitionsRead More Beyond the Common Myths of Hypnosis Essay2259 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"I shall use hypnosis to turn you into my slave!† roared Dr. Drake, as a bolt of lightening split the sinister sky behind him, to his defenseless victim who curled into a quivering ball at his fearful threat. This is a common theme in many horror movies involving hypnosis. Not only is â€Å"Dr. Drake† over-exaggerating on his statement, his declaration is simply ridiculous in the reality of hypnosis! It is essential to wipe out those common misconceptions of hypnosis encouraged by those fictional talesRead MoreJohnny Got His Gun By Dalton Trumbo2438 Words   |  10 PagesAmerican history but American history himself. Trumbo was born in Montrose, Colorado on December 9, 1905. He was married to Cleo Beth Fincher. He also had three children, two daughters and one son which included, Christopher Trumbo, Mitzi Trumbo, and Nikola Trumbo. Trumbo’s work was greatly influenced by social issues going on in the world. He was a successful author and screenwriter result ing in him being one of the highest paid film writers in the business. Some of his other books and movies include