Financial Aid Essay

The job of monetary guide in school access and achievement is huge. Absence of sufficient financing of instruction make numerous understudies from low salary foundations neglect to understand their instructive goals (Reindl, 2007). It is from this reason obstructions which go with budgetary guide to low salary understudies come to front. The impact of help on the enlistment perseverance of understudies comprises of interrelated variables which incorporate planning, sum and sort of help and how they connect with industriousness among different credits that identify with understudies (Pascarella and Terenzini 2005) In spite of the fact that it is judicious to think about the positive ramifications of money related guide to poor understudies, particularly those of the minority bunches that have felt sidelined for long, the subject of how best to do the financing ought to be investigated. Numerous an understudy in advanced education neglects to accomplish high scholastic execution because of their failure to concentrate on scholastics provoked by disappointed endeavors to get financing. Agents of the instruction of such understudy need to investigate their techniques to be trailed by understudies looking for financing of their training. This is regarding the conditions to be fulfilled by the penniless understudies just as the time allotment the monetary help will take before the beneficiary gets his/her school account credited. The explanation behind this is not all organizations have arrangement for late appearance of the guide. The suggestion along these lines if the guide delays is that the understudy will be compelled to be out of the foundation for quite a while, an issue which may cause them to neglect to do their tests, instructional exercises, investigates and essential exercises. Over the long haul such understudies will have low total focuses and thus neglecting to accomplish their r individual instructive and life objectives. At the point when the guide delays, or when the techniques to be followed in making sure about one end up being excessively burdening, understudies get undue pressure. This has sweeping ramifications both regarding their wellbeing and general scholarly execution. Over the long haul, help will be an issue added to their money related crippling (Immerwahr 2003). Writing survey Several explores have been embraced on the issues that understudies under money help plot face. A large portion of them point to the way that money related guide can be an obstruction and not an answer for students’ scholarly issues identified with account particularly if the understudy crew isn't educated regarding the accessibility and methods In his diary â€Å"With confirmation in Hand: Hispanic High School Seniors Talk about Their Future†, Immerwahr, J. (2003) utilizes meetings to feature the difficulties that these understudies looked in school the extent that budgetary guide in addition to other things are concerned. He talked with 50 Hispanic High School seniors in San Antonio, Santa Clara Tucson, Chicago and New York. His discoveries were that numerous understudies on monetary guide experienced issues toward the finish, all things considered, on the grounds that the guide was capricious making the understudies to be pushed. This is reverberated by Stampen and Cabrera, (2007) who utilized polls and meetings in their mission to know the impacts of money related guide bundling on wearing down and Pascarella and Terenzini (2005) in their diary How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research who utilize similar techniques to elucidate what influences understudies in school. An assortment of issues are raised including the good and social development for a few and misery for those subject to fund help which much of the time is capricious. Understudies may likewise neglect to assess how much as far as measure of help they require. The sum they get can be not as much as what is adequate for them to finish their instruction. The guide that they get can be as advances, work study openings or awards and grants. On account of work study openings, the understudies may not get adequate time for their investigations as they are required to work moreover. This makes a ton of weight on the guide recipients as indicated by Voorhees (2005). Voorhees utilized nearby overviews in drafting his Student accounts and grounds? based money related guide: an auxiliary model investigation of the constancy of high? need first year recruits. Inclination in help allotment converts into factors displayed by understudies as far as their scholarly exhibition (Titus, 2006; Rubin, 2004). Utilizing penchant score coordinating, it was set up that there is a noteworthy contrast between monetarily supported and independent understudies. Results dependent on 5,000 first year recruits at a state funded college in the US and maintenance in second year when noticing their GPA and math experience demonstrated that there is a connection between help impact and enlistment ingenuity (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005) When taking a gander at the issue of help augmentation to low-salary understudies, it is basic that ladies be likewise helped. This is on the grounds that they are bound to be influenced more than their male partners, as a rule being influenced by pressure when they neglect to tie down guide so as to improve their investigations. Money related guide impacts the maintenance of understudies dependent on their evaluated family commitment. The test here is that those understudies whose families’ commitment is under $4000 have higher odds of getting lower GPA’s (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005) Methodology and Findings Since there are singular inconsistencies that may influence the exhibition of the understudies who might be getting the equivalent money related guide, this examination utilized penchant score coordinating model which cook for the factors that might be of demography nature, or pre-school encounters. The new first year recruits were classified into those that get help in type of credits or allows and those that don't get any guide whatsoever. The two gatherings were then exposed to an examination, that is, those that get help bundle opposite those with no guide in their first year. The gathering that didn't get any guide was called untreated. The philosophy utilized (evaluated inclination score) helps in freeing the predisposition dependent on self-choice. The impacts of help inclination may not be completely represented utilizing this strategy for study (Titus, 2006; Lunceford and Davidian, 2004) as other unaccounted for reasons may come into exchange. The sum that the understudies can get from their families influence the result of the examination. It classified the understudies as far as the individuals who could pay for their training and the individuals who proved unable. In the discoveries that have been classified, the segments that are unequaled show the impact of help without making a match of understudies on affinity for help. The coordinated normal impact segment is utilized as a control for the inclination in help choice. The coordinated normal untreated and coordinated normal rewarded give the likely maintenance results if the helped student(s) had not been supported or if the independent one had gotten some money related help. Coordinated understudies with a normal chance of getting help are bound to continue into their second year of studies contrasted with those with low guide possibility. This investigation outfits separate gauges by EFC in measuring the impact that money related guide has on understudy maintenance. An EFC of 4000 dollars and less envelops understudies from low-pay foundation qualified for awards. These understudies got a guide of among $2000 and $ 3000 in their first year while center salary understudies with $ 4000-10000 get between $ 800-900 guides. Those with Expected Family Contribution (EFC) of more than $ 10000 get less to no guide by any means, just depending on merit-based guide. They anyway show a more noteworthy chance of staying in school in their next scholastic year when contrasted with their helped partners who have higher residual need in the wake of utilizing their guides to pay for tutoring. There is no relationship between's the net diligence of understudies with $ 4000-$10000 EFC in their GPA or math experience and the guide they get. Blessing help for those with high EFC builds their constancy by 18% implying that the more EFC these understudies have, the better they move in the direction of their scholarly undertakings (Dowd, 2004). Coming up next are the plain rundowns of the data got from the investigation. Not all pieces of the examination have been arranged however just the original ones. From the writing investigation and the consequences of this examination, a few issues are obvious: Financial guide to low-salary understudies may incredibly hamper their examinations in the event that we take a gander at the making sure about of the accounts. On the off chance that the guide delays, the understudies get worried up and may along these lines not pack in class. The individuals who don't have a clue about the entire strategy get more issues in light of the fact that their investigations are hampered. The impact of the Expected Family Contribution on the ability of the student to continue to the following year has been appeared. The less the EFC an understudy is fit for raising, the lower their exhibition and probability of continuing to the following year. Those with EFC of in excess of 10000 dollars show no impact if not given a guide yet show extensive chance of continuing to the following year and furthermore of passing great. References Adelman, C. (2007). Do we truly have a school get to issue? Change (July? August): 48? 51. Bodvarsson, O. B. and Walker, R. L. (2004): Do parental money moves debilitate execution in school? Financial aspects of Education Review 23: 483? 495. Caison, A. L. (2006): Analysis of institutionally explicit maintenance research: A correlation among study and institutional database strategies. Examination in Higher Education 48(4): 435? 451. Dowd, A. (2004): Income and monetary guide consequences for perseverance and degree fulfillment in open universities; Education Policy Analysis and Archives, 12(21). Herzog, S. (2005): Measuring determinants of understudy bring versus back. dropout versus move: a First-to-second year examination of new green beans; Research in Higher Education 46 Immerwahr, J (2003): With Diploma in Hand: High School Senior Talk about Their Future. NCPPHE (8): 883? 928. Lunceford, J. K. , and Davidian, M. (2004): Strat

How to Write a Narrative Paper? Get The Right Steps

How to Write a Narrative Paper? Get The Right StepsWriting a narrative paper is actually quite easy if you know the right steps to follow. It is about information and other concepts that help you construct a solid piece of work. In order to write a narrative paper, it is a good idea to develop your own writing style so that you can deliver it well.However, as you may know, writing a narrative paper can be quite difficult to some people with weaker writing skills. While there are many ways on how to write a narrative paper, they may not be able to give you good results in terms of clarity and ideas. When it comes to style, there are only few options for you to choose from. There are basic writing tips that you should consider before starting to write a narrative paper.Firstly, you should understand that you should not just write down what is happening. Before starting to write a narrative paper, think about the theme that you would like to express in your paper. You may want to draw y our main point using a strong outline or start from your main topic that will lead you to your summary. This is a great way to create a really powerful paper.The next step to write a narrative paper is to use a thesaurus. Do not be confused by using the words that are specific to your topic. For example, instead of using the word 'gravitational pull', you can use the term 'force'. It is advisable to use this method instead of using specific words. Try to get as much use as possible of 'force'pull' in your paper.Learn how to use different types of sentences when writing a paper. Remember that sentences are very important part of a paper. There are certain words and phrases that can make your paper sound more formal. It is important to remember that you need to be different from everyone else in order to stand out from the crowd. Keep your sentences simple and straightforward.One of the most important steps to write a narrative paper is to learn how to organize your paper. Organizing your paper will help you make it look clean and organized. By organizing your paper, you will be able to put your main points and further discussions in the proper places. It will also help you avoid getting too long and complicated. Most of the writers who organize their paper also put links or citations at the end of the paper.Make sure that your paper is organized properly and you will be able to easily read it when you have to present it to your classmates or colleagues. It is also a great way to relieve your stress and prepare yourself for your presentation. All it takes is a little bit of research. If you already know how to organize your paper, it will be easier for you to learn how to write a narrative paper.Writing a narrative paper is a tricky task because it requires a lot of determination and hard work. But the best thing about writing a narrative paper is that you can do it in the comfort of your own home.

Essay Samples toefl IBT

Essay Samples toefl IBTThe purpose of doing a quick Internet search is to find essay samples toefl IBT, which stands for the International Baccalaureate Examination Board. This Board is the governing body that governs the IBT, the main exam given to young people who wish to join the best in their subject areas.As there are so many types of essays available to do at home, it may be difficult to know where to begin. However, you should first of all make sure that you are prepared to have your work graded on a well-known examination; in other words, if your previous work has been graded by your teacher's or tutor, then that is as far as you should go.The next thing you will need to do is ensure that you have a good number of essay samples toefl IBT to hand. The best way to do this is to have a number of different samples that you have taken previously, and even better if you are prepared to send copies of these to a number of different tutors, so that they can suggest changes or improve ments.It will be possible to find hundreds of these essay samples toefl IBT, although it is recommended that you narrow down your search by making sure that you are buying the highest quality work from reliable sources. In other words, if you want to make sure that you are getting a high standard product, it is recommended that you buy online.Once you have a number of essays samples toefl IBT to hand, it is then possible to go through them all and decide which are most appropriate for your essay subject. For example, it is not necessary to have total IBT in your own language, as you will have no reason to try and learn it - but rather the essays will serve as a guide to help you.Youshould then set about reading through the essays samples toefl IBT carefully. Although you cannot expect to understand everything, it is important that you are aware of all the points covered in the essay and that you can prove that you understand all of them, with specific examples to make this possible. Once you have understood each essay samples toefl IBT, it is then possible to compare your grade to the instructor's suggestions, and this should give you the confidence to then write your own essay. Finally, you should attempt to publish your work, either by sending a draft to an essay editor, or by submitting it to a bibliography.By now, you should have a list of essay samples toefl IBT, which will allow you to make sure that you are getting a high standard product from a reputable source. As always, it is recommended that you purchase online, as this will make the whole process a lot easier and the grading much more accurate.

An Evaluation Of The Alcoholic Beverage And Conversation...

An independent variable, which is what is varied during the experiment, is what will affect the dependent variable. A change in the independent variable directly causes a change in the dependent variable, and you can only have one independent variable. The independent variable is the behavior of one participant that triggers the behavior of another participant. In the first study, the alcoholic beverage and conversation topic selected by Participant #1 is the independent variable. In the second study, the behavior of the seller at the store is the independent variable, as is the verbal and nonverbal communication of some participants in the third study. A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it depends on the independent variable. In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a dependent variable without an independent variable. In the first study, the response of the second person to order the drink and take part in the ongoing conversation is the dependent variable. In the second study, the dependent variable is the mannerisms with which the customer responds to the seller. In the third study, the dependent variables are the response of the people in the â€Å"in-group†, and the response of the people in the â€Å"out-group†. You can have more than one dependent variable, but you can only have one independent variable; in theShow MoreRelatedA Critical Evaluation Of Promotional Strategies Used By Coca Cola3741 Words   |  15 Pages Research Project Title: A Critical Evaluation of promotional strategies used by Coca-Cola in UK Chapter 1 – Introduction (1000-1500) 1.1 Introduction The marketing environment is continuously changing and to take advantage of opportunities and there must be a marketing strategy and strategic plans for organisation. 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Dual Relationships Within The Mental Health Field

In the mental health field, dual relationships can often be damaging to both the client and the therapist. There are several situations where dual relationships, whether considered ethical or not, affect the course of treatment for the client, and the personal lives of therapists. Although some forms of dual or multiple relationships are unavoidable, engaging in a personal relationship between patient and client always involves the possibility of skewing therapeutic results. Dual relationships are defined as having relations with the client outside of therapy, and in most cases it is considered to be unethical. There are four main types of dual relationships including professional, social, business, and sexual. A professional dual†¦show more content†¦Once a therapist enters into a dual relationship with their clients, feelings of mistrust, unhealthy attachment, and exploitation are common. In a survey conducted by the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, a group o f various females who admitted to having sexual contact with their therapists/ psychiatrists were interviewed and given a questionnaire to measure their self-esteem, depression, attitudes, and psychosomatic/psychological assumptions. The results showed that the women ranging from ages 26-45 developed a strong mistrust and anger toward these health care professionals (Feldman-Summers Jones, 1984). This study demonstrated how much influence a therapist has on their client and shows that the bond between therapist and client is delicate and needs to be treated with both respect and understanding. â€Å"Sexual boundary violations are considered the most serious ethical infraction in the mental health profession, as well as in higher education and pastoral counseling. Recognized as unethical due to the power imbalance inherent in the structure of the therapist-patient and teacher-student dyads, erotic contact between therapists and patients has been revealed in prevalence studies to o ccur at an unacceptably high incidence rate (9 to 12 per cent) among mental health practitioners† (Czlenza, 2007). The imbalance of power when there is a sexual relationship present can be extremely damaging to

World War One Was a Senseless War Essay - 457 Words

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Abnormality Essay Discuss Two or More Definitions free essay sample

Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behavior ends and abnormal behavior begins Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality AI = 6 marks Knowledge and understanding of definitions of abnormality. AAA = 6 marks Commentary on definitions of abnormality. The term abnormal means deviating from the average. Therefore, If we were to adopt a literal approach to defining abnormality, we would conclude that any rare behavior or ability was abnormal.This, however, is not a useful way of defining abnormality as it doesnt take Into account whether or not the behavior is desirable. There are three ways of defining abnormality; deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately and deviation from ideal mental health. Deviation from Ideal Mental Health focuses on what is normal as opposed to what is abnormal by deciding what normality is, anything that doesnt satisfy this idea of normal must therefore be abnormality, Jihad 1958 spoke about normality as being a positive state of mental health. According to Jihad several conditions should be met in order to satisfy what she calls optimal living. The conditions for optimal living are as follows; a positive view of self (meaning the person must have a feeling of self worth and a reasonable extent of self esteems actualization (meaning the person must become the best they can, autonomy (the person must show a level of Independence), accurate view of reality (their view must not be distorted e. G. They must not think that everyones untrustworthy and everyone is watching them), environmental adaptability (the arson must be able to adapt their behavior to different environments e. . Certain behavior Is appropriate for weddings but not for funerals) and finally resistance to stress (the person must be able to deal with the stresses of everyday life. ) Strengths of this explanation include the fact that it is a positive explanation of the definition of abnormality, focusing on whats desirable rather than undesirable. All thats required to see If a person Is mentally healthy is if they fulfill the defined criteria, making It easier to define mental health as there is a set of conditions to be satisfied.However, this definition assumes that the absence of one of these conditions implies abnormality. In reality a number of the criteria are quite difficult to achieve e. G. actualization Is reached by only a few people In life. If this definition Is applied most people would be deemed as abnormal. Also It Is not always clear what some of the conditions mean in practice e. G. Accurate view of reality. Its not certain what this refers to given that reality is a product of each individuals mind. For example, a soldier In Afghanistan would have a different reality to that of an accountant in London.The definition of what Is mentally healthy varies across cultures. The categories of ideal mental health cannot be generalized to all cultures. Some of the 1 OFF for example theres an emphasis on autonomy which is a particularly western idea. Some cultures place a great deal of emphasis on collective responsibility. Deviation from social norms is behavior that violates implicit and explicit rules and moral standards of a given society. For example; pedophilia and sexual exhibitionism violates moral standards concerning sexual behavior in British society.Norms are unwritten rules created by society to guide behavior. They tell us which behaviors are expected and acceptable and they provide us with some sense of order in society. They are learnt through solicitation, that is, we pick them up from others around us during childhood. Deviation from social norms can be a useful way to identify mental problems. We learn what to expect from individuals, and if heir behavior drastically deviates from this we become concerned on their behalf.For example, people with clinical depression are often unable to motivate themselves to seek assistance and therefore depend on others to summon help. The strengths of this explanation are that the model distinguishes between desirable and undesirable behavior. The social deviancy model also takes into account the effect behavior has on others. Deviances is defined in transgression of social rules and ideally social rules are established in order to help people live together. Behavior that is deviant is socially unacceptable for the rest of us.This way of defining the abnormality takes account of the greater good of society. According to this definition abnormal behavior is behavior that damages others. On the other hand, the weaknesses are that societies change over time and so therefore do their norms; because of this we cannot use opinions held in the past to Judge a behavior as deviant. It must be based on present day thinking. For example; in the sass homosexuality was listed as a mental disorder in the diagnostic and statistical annual (the ADSM is the main classification and diagnosis system for mental illness used in the USA.Homosexuality between consenting adults over 18 is now legal and would not be considered abnormal. Also norms must be considered in context, dress codes give us a good example of this. In the eighteenth century it would have been considered normal for men to wear elaborate wigs, by the twentieth century the habit had completely gone. Furthermore breaking social norms s not necessarily a bad thing, it can stimulate positive social change such as the abolition of slavery.

Financial Performance Analysis Essay Example

Financial Performance Analysis Essay ABSTRACT Financial Performance: A subjective measure of how well a firm can use assets from its primary mode of business and generate revenues. This term is also used as a general measure of a firms overall financial health over a given period of time, and can be used to compare similar firms across the same industry or to compare  industries or sectors in aggregation. Methods of Financial perfomance Analysis: Ratio Analysis: This is the method in which the ratio between two or more variables related to the business is compared. There are many ratios used to analyze financial statements: Liquidity Analysis Ratio: For example, the net working capital ratio is calculated between net working capital and total assets. †¢ Profitability Analysis Ratio: For example, return on assets ratio is calculated between net income and average total assets. Profit margin ratio is calculated between net income and sales. Earning per share is calculated between net income and number of outstandin g shares. †¢ Activity Analysis Ratio: For example, asset turnover ratio is calculated between sales and average total assets. Inventory turnover ratio is calculated between cost of goods sold and average inventories. Capital Structure Analysis Ratio: The most important ratio is debt to equity ratio, which is calculated between total liabilities and total stockholders equity. †¢ Capital Market Analysis Ratio: For example, dividend ratio is calculated between annual dividends per common share and market price of common stock per share. All these ratios are collectively used to carry out the financial analysis of business to assess growth, profitability, and solvency of a business. Remember that ratio analysis is as important as horizontal and vertical analysis and must not be overlooked.

To Trust or Not to Trust, Cred essays

To Trust or Not to Trust, Cred essays In the article Video Surveillance: Invasion of privacy or reasonable response to misconduct? found on the Emond-Harnden website, an argument is posed for the reader. The content of this argument is of great import to the read, but something possibly more significant is the credibility of the website. In essence, can the information this website provides be trusted enough to direct people in their lives and sway their opinions in the way of the argument. There are many parts of an argument that must be evaluated first, before the argument can be valued as credible. According to Browne and Keeley of their book Evaluating Online Resources Healthy doubt is [a] positive self-defense (24) when it comes to evaluating an argument and its credibility. Anyone has the ability to write a website, but for that information to be admitted as credible the author must be first established as trustworthy. Many questions must be asked about the author to establish their credibility, and seeing as how this article is written by Emond-Harnden, the credibility of a whole company must be established. Emond-Harnden is a law firm that litigates for unions as well as the companies that employ them in labor disputes as well as other troubles. Already, biases can be drawn from the website, they are not writing this article to purely inform and educate the reader, but they are writing it, in part, for their own personal, profitable gain. Second, can this website be considered an authority on the information provided? In this case, a tentative yes is the answer, seeing as how this website argues cases of this exact nature to the courts and arbitrators. Even though they may argue these cases they still do so under the idea that they will profi t from their work and court battles. The authority of a website on a certain subject is one of the strongest ways to establish a websites credibility. Possibly one of ...

Product, Pricing, Channel, Promotional Strategies Essay

Product, Pricing, Channel, Promotional Strategies - Essay Example Considering the expenditure effect, consumers tend to choose alternative options if they feel the price is high and unaffordable.   Soft drinks are usually priced on similar lines, unlike healthcare products. Consumers unwilling to spend more money on healthcare products, which are occasional requirements and are often unplanned in their expenditure, tend to consider price before choosing the product. Considering the shared-cost effect, consumers look for external financial help to buy specific product, especially health care product, through insurance and other means.   When they can aid their health care expenses through insurance, they do not feel the pressure of high pricing. The Price-Quality effect plays a major role in choosing specific pharmaceutical products as it is associated with their psychology.   If consumers had earlier had good experience with certain medicines, then fluctuating or increased price will not be a deciding factor in purchasing the same product onc e again. Unique value effect that consumers experience with some treatments or medicines make the consumers less sensitive to products price because the differentiating value of the products become more important.   Most consumers prefer their health and well being to price or expenditure, when in grave need for betterment of health. Channels of different lengths and intensities may be used to reach maximum consumers and obtain large market share.   For instance, intensive channels are formed by including all possible intermediaries like agents, wholesalers, retailers, distributors etc. Whereas, exclusive channels are formed by including only one intermediary.   Intensive channels are best suitable for marketing convenience products such as soft drinks, groceries etc.   Few selective channels are used, such as only wholesalers or distributors, when reaching out to multiple retail outlets for products that consumers pay more attention before buying. Consumers tend to search f or information before buying these products.   Sales of such products are lesser than convenience products, hence including lesser intermediaries would be the best option for such products. Exclusive channels are used to market products that are highly priced; such channels are restricted to exclusive retailer in the market. Specialty products that are expensive and infrequently purchased are limited to exclusive retailers or show-rooms, and are provided sufficient after sales support.   For example, specific automobiles are available only through exclusive retailers. Unsought products are usually marketed by the company or through single channels such as contracted marketers.   These products are relatively new and are unknown to the consumers.   Hence, the company takes the responsibility of bringing the product into the market before trusting it to third-party channels.

Creating the report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating the report - Research Paper Example The following policies are vital: Password policy of networking devices and hosts, wireless network security policy, Anti-Virus security policy and physical security policy. The network support staff or administration must monitor and maintain a firewall between the network that connects the production functions, processes and operations from the laboratory network or network appliance / equipment / device (Frye, 2007). The network support staff or administration must be entitled to have full rights for interrupting network connections of the laboratory that may impose impact or security risk on processes, functions and operation on the production network (Frye, 2007). The network traffic between the organization and the other networks will be transmitted via a firewall monitored and maintained by the support staff. However, in case of a wireless network transmission, connection to other networks of the organization will be

Leadership and Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Human Behavior Essay As a leader, you need to interact with your followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support you need in order to accomplish your goals. To gain their support, you must be able to understand and motivate them. To understand and motivate people, you must know human nature. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Unlike others researchers in the earlier days of psychology, Abraham Maslows based his theory of human needs on creative people who used all their talents, potential, and capabilities (Bootzin, Loftus, Zajonc, Hall, 1983). His methodology differed from most other psychological researchers at the time in that these researchers mainly observed mentally unhealthy people. Maslow (1970) felt that human needs were arranged in a hierarchical order that could be divided into two major groups: basic needs and metaneeds (higher order needs): * Basic Needs are physiological, such as food, water, and sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and self-esteem. These basic needs are also called â€Å"deficiency needs† because if they are not met by an individual, then that person will strive to make up the deficiency. * Metaneeds or being needs (growth needs). These include justice, goodness, beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take priority over these meta needs.

Expression of Desires In Arabic Women’s Novels :: Arab Culture Cultural Essays

Expression of Desires In Arabic Women’s Novels Picking an original and engaging topic that is able to span all five of the very different authors’ novels we examined this semester proved to be a difficult task. Though there are certainly similarities between each book and overlying themes that connect them, ultimately I didn’t want to get tied down into the shifty and unsafe territory of placing novels together solely because one, they are all written by women; or two, they all emerge out of the Arabic world. However, there are certainly broad themes present in all of the novels, and I chose to focus on how women express, or can’t express their desires and wants, and how the ability to do so leads to agency and freedom in one’s own life. A woman’s desires, sexual and otherwise, seems surprisingly suppressed or not allowed in each novel. When it does emerge, it seems that too often one’s own desire is replaced with the need to be desirable for men, and so these women’s wants are placed aside in favor of the male protagonists’ wishes. I want to explore this topic in each novel, taking a look at when a woman is able to express desire, when it must give way and take second place to a man’s wants, and how, ultimately, it seems to free the women who chose to make their own path according to their wants, dreams, and goals. As we finish the semester and conclude our discussions on Arabic women, I think it’s important to note that though at times these women have agency in their lives, quite often, despite different upbringings, social/political/economic status, regions of habitation, and direct contact with Western influence, they are ultimately unable to take total control of their own lives. Obviously there are varying degrees to which this is applicable, and certainly some of the women are stronger than others, but overall, I think a very key message that all of these female authors are sending out is that women’s struggle for freedom and equality is still a battle that is being fought-- all over the world for sure, but certainly in the Middle East. Pillars of Salt, perhaps the novel with the strongest female character, is the one novel where desire is seen and nothing stops Maha from expressing her wants, both sexually and when it concerns her husband, son, and father.

Conceptual Cognition and Problem Solving Styles Essay

The article â€Å"Thinking† found in the Northeastern University Website presents insights regarding conceptual cognition and problem solving skills. It claims that although people may have similar concepts, we differ from each other by our conceptual cognition and problem solving styles. To elaborate, the author cites how people define concepts. It shows that people have similar concepts of things especially those perceived by sight. For instance, features including two eyes, four legs, two ears, one tail, barking, sharp teeth, etc., would definitely pertain to a dog. Likewise, a photo of a child smiling is an indication of a happy child, not a sad one. However, there are also some concepts in our society that have changed a bit but not entirely. Although they are modified through time, a certain degree of people’s cognition of the original concept remains the same. Take for example, marriage. In the past, the concept of marriage is limited to a man and a woman, but now the concept allows man to man marriage, so although the concept is altered a bit, the concept of togetherness and commitment still holds truth. Concepts are arranged into hierarchies. For instance, a bedroom is smaller than a house, and a block is smaller than a neighborhood. Applying it in the school context, there are students under one teacher, and there are teachers under one director, etc. Similarly, in the corporate scene, there are subordinates and supervisors. Moreover, concepts are formed by definition and prototype. We learn concepts as the environment define them for us. For instance as children, we were familiarized by our parents with the things in the house, such as a table and a chair. Later on when we went to our neighbor’s, we realized that tables can be in different forms or colors, but the role they play remains the same. Through definition and prototype, we obtain similar concepts of things around us. The issue of cognition is not much of a problem but problem solving styles are. The three methods to solve a problem include: trial and error, algorithms, and heuristics. In trial and error, one is bound to use more effort and time to arrive at the right answer. This method requires several trials and shortcuts, and does not guarantee giving the right answer. The second method is algorithm. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure usually involving computations. Unlike trial and error, it is methodical and guarantees arriving at the correct answer. However, since it requires a procedure, it is more time consuming than the other. The third method used to solve a problem is heuristics. This method requires â€Å"speculative formulation†¦as a guide in the investigation or solution of a problem.† (Answers.com, n.d.). It posits that the background of the matter, ie religion, society be investigated upon in order to arrive at a conclusion. Although this method is not accurate and does not guarantee a definite answer, it leads to a certain conclusion or information related to the problem. Each of the methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. When combined, the three methods will help one arrive at a valid answer. For instance, when conducting research, it is not enough to present statistics of people experiencing a specific problem. One needs to dwell on observations, surveys, interviews, etc. to obtain a full view of the situation. Applying this to the classroom scenario, students should be taught how to apply and combine the three methods in order to facilitate problem solving tasks. Particularly, when teaching research, teachers should incorporate teaching and application of the three methods so that students will not only have options but arrive at definite and valid conclusions for their study. References Algorithm. Retrieved 5 August 2008, from http://www.answers.com/topic/algorithm Heuristic. Retrieved 5 August 2008, from http://www.answers.com/heuristic

Horror Movies Have Been Knowing Along With Human History.

Horror movies have been knowing along with human history. It is one of the best-known genres that supports the deep down audience’s horror demand that has changed in almost every era. The terrify and scary story become more for entertain than scare people. This essay will discuss about the studying of movie genres and look more specially at Horrors movies which have always been changed during time with new style and technical stuffs to attract audience’s demand. The horror movie is one of the most changed genres during the human history. Human has created this genre to satisfy they deep eagerly of danger, violent, nausea and the curiosity of some incidence that might not usually happen to them such as they were hunting by a ghost†¦show more content†¦However, after the time passing Horror story became one of the human’s entertainment. They usually appear in everyday life such as the ghost story at that campfire and the scary tale of children bedtime story. The film genre has been created since silent movies era to separate and identify to tell the different if each film. â€Å"A genre can be simply defined as a large category of stories united by their particular settings, characters, themes, and narrative conflicts.†(Worland 2007, p.15). For advertisement and promotion of the movie, film genre is very useful. It can tell audiences more information about the film before they design to watch it. For example, If some of the audience have watched â€Å"Dracula (1931)† and like this kind of movie. They want to watch more similar movies of this film. They can find the director’s name or actors name, but all overcome they can find it more easily to separate these kinds of film to be one individual genre called â€Å"Horror film†. Then they can find that â€Å"Frankenstein (1931)† is the another movie that is similar to â€Å"Dracula (1931)† they have watched because they have same story type and th emes in the movie. 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