Thursday, August 27, 2020

Financial Aid Essay

The job of monetary guide in school access and achievement is huge. Absence of sufficient financing of instruction make numerous understudies from low salary foundations neglect to understand their instructive goals (Reindl, 2007). It is from this reason obstructions which go with budgetary guide to low salary understudies come to front. The impact of help on the enlistment perseverance of understudies comprises of interrelated variables which incorporate planning, sum and sort of help and how they connect with industriousness among different credits that identify with understudies (Pascarella and Terenzini 2005) In spite of the fact that it is judicious to think about the positive ramifications of money related guide to poor understudies, particularly those of the minority bunches that have felt sidelined for long, the subject of how best to do the financing ought to be investigated. Numerous an understudy in advanced education neglects to accomplish high scholastic execution because of their failure to concentrate on scholastics provoked by disappointed endeavors to get financing. Agents of the instruction of such understudy need to investigate their techniques to be trailed by understudies looking for financing of their training. This is regarding the conditions to be fulfilled by the penniless understudies just as the time allotment the monetary help will take before the beneficiary gets his/her school account credited. The explanation behind this is not all organizations have arrangement for late appearance of the guide. The suggestion along these lines if the guide delays is that the understudy will be compelled to be out of the foundation for quite a while, an issue which may cause them to neglect to do their tests, instructional exercises, investigates and essential exercises. Over the long haul such understudies will have low total focuses and thus neglecting to accomplish their r individual instructive and life objectives. At the point when the guide delays, or when the techniques to be followed in making sure about one end up being excessively burdening, understudies get undue pressure. This has sweeping ramifications both regarding their wellbeing and general scholarly execution. Over the long haul, help will be an issue added to their money related crippling (Immerwahr 2003). Writing survey Several explores have been embraced on the issues that understudies under money help plot face. A large portion of them point to the way that money related guide can be an obstruction and not an answer for students’ scholarly issues identified with account particularly if the understudy crew isn't educated regarding the accessibility and methods In his diary â€Å"With confirmation in Hand: Hispanic High School Seniors Talk about Their Future†, Immerwahr, J. (2003) utilizes meetings to feature the difficulties that these understudies looked in school the extent that budgetary guide in addition to other things are concerned. He talked with 50 Hispanic High School seniors in San Antonio, Santa Clara Tucson, Chicago and New York. His discoveries were that numerous understudies on monetary guide experienced issues toward the finish, all things considered, on the grounds that the guide was capricious making the understudies to be pushed. This is reverberated by Stampen and Cabrera, (2007) who utilized polls and meetings in their mission to know the impacts of money related guide bundling on wearing down and Pascarella and Terenzini (2005) in their diary How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research who utilize similar techniques to elucidate what influences understudies in school. An assortment of issues are raised including the good and social development for a few and misery for those subject to fund help which much of the time is capricious. Understudies may likewise neglect to assess how much as far as measure of help they require. The sum they get can be not as much as what is adequate for them to finish their instruction. The guide that they get can be as advances, work study openings or awards and grants. On account of work study openings, the understudies may not get adequate time for their investigations as they are required to work moreover. This makes a ton of weight on the guide recipients as indicated by Voorhees (2005). Voorhees utilized nearby overviews in drafting his Student accounts and grounds? based money related guide: an auxiliary model investigation of the constancy of high? need first year recruits. Inclination in help allotment converts into factors displayed by understudies as far as their scholarly exhibition (Titus, 2006; Rubin, 2004). Utilizing penchant score coordinating, it was set up that there is a noteworthy contrast between monetarily supported and independent understudies. Results dependent on 5,000 first year recruits at a state funded college in the US and maintenance in second year when noticing their GPA and math experience demonstrated that there is a connection between help impact and enlistment ingenuity (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005) When taking a gander at the issue of help augmentation to low-salary understudies, it is basic that ladies be likewise helped. This is on the grounds that they are bound to be influenced more than their male partners, as a rule being influenced by pressure when they neglect to tie down guide so as to improve their investigations. Money related guide impacts the maintenance of understudies dependent on their evaluated family commitment. The test here is that those understudies whose families’ commitment is under $4000 have higher odds of getting lower GPA’s (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005) Methodology and Findings Since there are singular inconsistencies that may influence the exhibition of the understudies who might be getting the equivalent money related guide, this examination utilized penchant score coordinating model which cook for the factors that might be of demography nature, or pre-school encounters. The new first year recruits were classified into those that get help in type of credits or allows and those that don't get any guide whatsoever. The two gatherings were then exposed to an examination, that is, those that get help bundle opposite those with no guide in their first year. The gathering that didn't get any guide was called untreated. The philosophy utilized (evaluated inclination score) helps in freeing the predisposition dependent on self-choice. The impacts of help inclination may not be completely represented utilizing this strategy for study (Titus, 2006; Lunceford and Davidian, 2004) as other unaccounted for reasons may come into exchange. The sum that the understudies can get from their families influence the result of the examination. It classified the understudies as far as the individuals who could pay for their training and the individuals who proved unable. In the discoveries that have been classified, the segments that are unequaled show the impact of help without making a match of understudies on affinity for help. The coordinated normal impact segment is utilized as a control for the inclination in help choice. The coordinated normal untreated and coordinated normal rewarded give the likely maintenance results if the helped student(s) had not been supported or if the independent one had gotten some money related help. Coordinated understudies with a normal chance of getting help are bound to continue into their second year of studies contrasted with those with low guide possibility. This investigation outfits separate gauges by EFC in measuring the impact that money related guide has on understudy maintenance. An EFC of 4000 dollars and less envelops understudies from low-pay foundation qualified for awards. These understudies got a guide of among $2000 and $ 3000 in their first year while center salary understudies with $ 4000-10000 get between $ 800-900 guides. Those with Expected Family Contribution (EFC) of more than $ 10000 get less to no guide by any means, just depending on merit-based guide. They anyway show a more noteworthy chance of staying in school in their next scholastic year when contrasted with their helped partners who have higher residual need in the wake of utilizing their guides to pay for tutoring. There is no relationship between's the net diligence of understudies with $ 4000-$10000 EFC in their GPA or math experience and the guide they get. Blessing help for those with high EFC builds their constancy by 18% implying that the more EFC these understudies have, the better they move in the direction of their scholarly undertakings (Dowd, 2004). Coming up next are the plain rundowns of the data got from the investigation. Not all pieces of the examination have been arranged however just the original ones. From the writing investigation and the consequences of this examination, a few issues are obvious: Financial guide to low-salary understudies may incredibly hamper their examinations in the event that we take a gander at the making sure about of the accounts. On the off chance that the guide delays, the understudies get worried up and may along these lines not pack in class. The individuals who don't have a clue about the entire strategy get more issues in light of the fact that their investigations are hampered. The impact of the Expected Family Contribution on the ability of the student to continue to the following year has been appeared. The less the EFC an understudy is fit for raising, the lower their exhibition and probability of continuing to the following year. Those with EFC of in excess of 10000 dollars show no impact if not given a guide yet show extensive chance of continuing to the following year and furthermore of passing great. References Adelman, C. (2007). Do we truly have a school get to issue? Change (July? August): 48? 51. Bodvarsson, O. B. and Walker, R. L. (2004): Do parental money moves debilitate execution in school? Financial aspects of Education Review 23: 483? 495. Caison, A. L. (2006): Analysis of institutionally explicit maintenance research: A correlation among study and institutional database strategies. Examination in Higher Education 48(4): 435? 451. Dowd, A. (2004): Income and monetary guide consequences for perseverance and degree fulfillment in open universities; Education Policy Analysis and Archives, 12(21). Herzog, S. (2005): Measuring determinants of understudy bring versus back. dropout versus move: a First-to-second year examination of new green beans; Research in Higher Education 46 Immerwahr, J (2003): With Diploma in Hand: High School Senior Talk about Their Future. NCPPHE (8): 883? 928. Lunceford, J. K. , and Davidian, M. (2004): Strat

Saturday, August 22, 2020

How to Write a Narrative Paper? Get The Right Steps

How to Write a Narrative Paper? Get The Right StepsWriting a narrative paper is actually quite easy if you know the right steps to follow. It is about information and other concepts that help you construct a solid piece of work. In order to write a narrative paper, it is a good idea to develop your own writing style so that you can deliver it well.However, as you may know, writing a narrative paper can be quite difficult to some people with weaker writing skills. While there are many ways on how to write a narrative paper, they may not be able to give you good results in terms of clarity and ideas. When it comes to style, there are only few options for you to choose from. There are basic writing tips that you should consider before starting to write a narrative paper.Firstly, you should understand that you should not just write down what is happening. Before starting to write a narrative paper, think about the theme that you would like to express in your paper. You may want to draw y our main point using a strong outline or start from your main topic that will lead you to your summary. This is a great way to create a really powerful paper.The next step to write a narrative paper is to use a thesaurus. Do not be confused by using the words that are specific to your topic. For example, instead of using the word 'gravitational pull', you can use the term 'force'. It is advisable to use this method instead of using specific words. Try to get as much use as possible of 'force'pull' in your paper.Learn how to use different types of sentences when writing a paper. Remember that sentences are very important part of a paper. There are certain words and phrases that can make your paper sound more formal. It is important to remember that you need to be different from everyone else in order to stand out from the crowd. Keep your sentences simple and straightforward.One of the most important steps to write a narrative paper is to learn how to organize your paper. Organizing your paper will help you make it look clean and organized. By organizing your paper, you will be able to put your main points and further discussions in the proper places. It will also help you avoid getting too long and complicated. Most of the writers who organize their paper also put links or citations at the end of the paper.Make sure that your paper is organized properly and you will be able to easily read it when you have to present it to your classmates or colleagues. It is also a great way to relieve your stress and prepare yourself for your presentation. All it takes is a little bit of research. If you already know how to organize your paper, it will be easier for you to learn how to write a narrative paper.Writing a narrative paper is a tricky task because it requires a lot of determination and hard work. But the best thing about writing a narrative paper is that you can do it in the comfort of your own home.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Essay Samples toefl IBT

Essay Samples toefl IBTThe purpose of doing a quick Internet search is to find essay samples toefl IBT, which stands for the International Baccalaureate Examination Board. This Board is the governing body that governs the IBT, the main exam given to young people who wish to join the best in their subject areas.As there are so many types of essays available to do at home, it may be difficult to know where to begin. However, you should first of all make sure that you are prepared to have your work graded on a well-known examination; in other words, if your previous work has been graded by your teacher's or tutor, then that is as far as you should go.The next thing you will need to do is ensure that you have a good number of essay samples toefl IBT to hand. The best way to do this is to have a number of different samples that you have taken previously, and even better if you are prepared to send copies of these to a number of different tutors, so that they can suggest changes or improve ments.It will be possible to find hundreds of these essay samples toefl IBT, although it is recommended that you narrow down your search by making sure that you are buying the highest quality work from reliable sources. In other words, if you want to make sure that you are getting a high standard product, it is recommended that you buy online.Once you have a number of essays samples toefl IBT to hand, it is then possible to go through them all and decide which are most appropriate for your essay subject. For example, it is not necessary to have total IBT in your own language, as you will have no reason to try and learn it - but rather the essays will serve as a guide to help you.Youshould then set about reading through the essays samples toefl IBT carefully. Although you cannot expect to understand everything, it is important that you are aware of all the points covered in the essay and that you can prove that you understand all of them, with specific examples to make this possible. Once you have understood each essay samples toefl IBT, it is then possible to compare your grade to the instructor's suggestions, and this should give you the confidence to then write your own essay. Finally, you should attempt to publish your work, either by sending a draft to an essay editor, or by submitting it to a bibliography.By now, you should have a list of essay samples toefl IBT, which will allow you to make sure that you are getting a high standard product from a reputable source. As always, it is recommended that you purchase online, as this will make the whole process a lot easier and the grading much more accurate.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

An Evaluation Of The Alcoholic Beverage And Conversation...

An independent variable, which is what is varied during the experiment, is what will affect the dependent variable. A change in the independent variable directly causes a change in the dependent variable, and you can only have one independent variable. The independent variable is the behavior of one participant that triggers the behavior of another participant. In the first study, the alcoholic beverage and conversation topic selected by Participant #1 is the independent variable. In the second study, the behavior of the seller at the store is the independent variable, as is the verbal and nonverbal communication of some participants in the third study. A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it depends on the independent variable. In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a dependent variable without an independent variable. In the first study, the response of the second person to order the drink and take part in the ongoing conversation is the dependent variable. In the second study, the dependent variable is the mannerisms with which the customer responds to the seller. In the third study, the dependent variables are the response of the people in the â€Å"in-group†, and the response of the people in the â€Å"out-group†. You can have more than one dependent variable, but you can only have one independent variable; in theShow MoreRelatedA Critical Evaluation Of Promotional Strategies Used By Coca Cola3741 Words   |  15 Pages Research Project Title: A Critical Evaluation of promotional strategies used by Coca-Cola in UK Chapter 1 – Introduction (1000-1500) 1.1 Introduction The marketing environment is continuously changing and to take advantage of opportunities and there must be a marketing strategy and strategic plans for organisation. The fast and the efficiency of promotion has become an essential factor for the success of a business project. Corporation is necessary to preserve unity, thus the statement amplifiesRead MoreAlcohol Marketing and Advertising25059 Words   |  101 PagesFederal Trade Commission to study the impact on underage consumers of ads for new flavored malt beverages, and whether the beverage alcohol industry has implemented the recommendations contained in the Commission’s 1999 report to Congress regarding alcohol industry selfregulation. This report sets forth the Commission’s findings on these subjects. The Commission’s investigation of flavored malt beverages (FMBs) indicates that adults appear to be the intended target of FMB marketing, and that theRead MoreLidl Norway30015 Words   |  121 Pages  it’s  only  in  the  later  decades   that   researchers   have   conducted   significant   academic   research   surrounding   this   topic.   Akerhurst   and   Alexander   1996;   Alexander   1997;   Alexander   and   Doherty   2000;   Brown   and  Burt  1992;  Kacker  1985;  McGoldrick  and  Davies  1995;  Sternquist  1998;  Sternquist   and   Kacker   1994;   Hollander   1970   are   all   relatively   modern   articles   surrounding   this   topic.   Most   scientific   articles,   apart   from   Hollander   (1970),   that   have   investigated   the   internationalization  Read MoreAirheads Business Analysis Essay34215 Words   |  137 Pagesin the industry typically locate facilities in medium to large metropolitan areas. These places have attractions such as miniature golf, go-cart tracks, and arcade and video games that may offer redeemable prizes. Other services include food and beverage catering (Family Entertainment Centers, n.d.). Market Size As long as there is a need for leisure time and an increase in consumer disposable income, the demand for FECs will exist. 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As more and more employment-related lawsuits have been filed, some employers have become more wary about adding employees. Instead, by using contract workers supplied by others, they face fewer employment legal issues regarding selection, discrimination, benefits, discipline, and termination. BNA Using Contingent Workers 445.10 Review the types of contingent workers and the legal issues associated with their use. Demographics and Diversity The U.S. workforce has been changingRead MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pageslearning group. d. service group. e. public group. Answer: b. social group. . Your family is an example of a a. primary group. b. social group. c. public group. d. service group. e. none of the above Answer: a. primary group. . A local Alcoholics Anonymous chapter is an example of a a. primary group. b. self-help group. c. learning group. d. service group. e. public group. Answer: b. self-help group. . Guests who appear on talk shows and interact with other guests for the benefitRead MoreHow Tv Commercials Influence Consumer Cosmetic Products Purchasing Decisions18056 Words   |  73 Pagesinfluence consumers purchase decision 24 2.3 The relationship between advertising and customer behavior 26 2.3.1 The aspects influencing advertising information 26 2.3.2 Consumer response process: AIDA Model 27 2.3.3 Previous studies related to topic 29 2.3 Summery and hypotheses 31 Chapter Three: Methodology 32 3.1 Research philosophy, approach and strategy 32 3.2 Sampling 33 3.3 Research instrument 34 3.4 Procedures for data collection 35 3.5 Data analysis 35 3.6 Research ethics 36 3

Friday, May 15, 2020

Dual Relationships Within The Mental Health Field

In the mental health field, dual relationships can often be damaging to both the client and the therapist. There are several situations where dual relationships, whether considered ethical or not, affect the course of treatment for the client, and the personal lives of therapists. Although some forms of dual or multiple relationships are unavoidable, engaging in a personal relationship between patient and client always involves the possibility of skewing therapeutic results. Dual relationships are defined as having relations with the client outside of therapy, and in most cases it is considered to be unethical. There are four main types of dual relationships including professional, social, business, and sexual. A professional dual†¦show more content†¦Once a therapist enters into a dual relationship with their clients, feelings of mistrust, unhealthy attachment, and exploitation are common. In a survey conducted by the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, a group o f various females who admitted to having sexual contact with their therapists/ psychiatrists were interviewed and given a questionnaire to measure their self-esteem, depression, attitudes, and psychosomatic/psychological assumptions. The results showed that the women ranging from ages 26-45 developed a strong mistrust and anger toward these health care professionals (Feldman-Summers Jones, 1984). This study demonstrated how much influence a therapist has on their client and shows that the bond between therapist and client is delicate and needs to be treated with both respect and understanding. â€Å"Sexual boundary violations are considered the most serious ethical infraction in the mental health profession, as well as in higher education and pastoral counseling. Recognized as unethical due to the power imbalance inherent in the structure of the therapist-patient and teacher-student dyads, erotic contact between therapists and patients has been revealed in prevalence studies to o ccur at an unacceptably high incidence rate (9 to 12 per cent) among mental health practitioners† (Czlenza, 2007). The imbalance of power when there is a sexual relationship present can be extremely damaging to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

World War One Was a Senseless War Essay - 457 Words

World War One Was a Senseless War World War One was the first major war that was fought in mainly in Europe, and parts of Asia. The war lasted from July 28th, 1914 to November 11th, 1928. There were over a hundred nations involved not only from Europe, but from Asia, Africa, Central America, North America and many Island nations. There were millions of casualties fighting in slow moving trench warfare , and many battles were also fought at sea. There are many reason why the world plunged into its first world war. There were over a half a dozen mutual protection pacts that forced other countries to enter the war. The fact that countries were in an arms race well before the war is a leading cause. Also Imperialism led to war because†¦show more content†¦In the late 19th century and the early 20th century European nations decided to ally with each other out of fear of being attacked. They set up mutual protection pacts. These pacts were designed to help defend their countries if they were invaded. The pacts wer e known as the Treaty Alliance System. The main pacts that were present before World War One were; Russia and Serbia, Japan and Britain, France and Russia, Germany and Austria Hungary, and Britain, France and Belgium. The US was neutral until the German navy attacked our civilian ships. So if anyone of the countries was attacked it would set off a chain reaction leading to total war. That is exactly what happened. Another reason why war was inevitable was Germany was mobilizing a massive army, stockpiling huge amounts of weapons, and building up its navy at the same time. At the same time Britain was building up a massive navy as well. Germany and Russias government were increasingly becoming more militarized. Each country was trying to show dominance over the other one. The smallest incident, but the most significant was the assignation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the thrown for Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia was invo lved. That led to Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Russia had a protection pact with Serbia and started mobilizing to defend the country. Germany saw this and then declared war on Russia. In turn France hadShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of World War I962 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I the first of its kind would mark an entire generation; could what today is known as the lost generation have been avoidable or was President Woodrow Wilson just prolonging the inevitable by his neutrality. The following will guide you through a brief outline of the WWI and how one man s justifications sent an entire nation to war. Woodrow Wilson, a man with questionable motives when speaking in terms of neutrality during World War I. Was Wilson’s neutrality an attempt to spare theRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth915 Words   |  4 Pagesthink the author’s purpose is, and what techniques were used to achieve this. In the two poems, Dulce et Decorum est., and Anthem for Doomed Youth, both written by Wilfred Owen, the author’s main purpose was to expose the true horrors of World War II and to challenge the romanticized view of war that poets such as Rupert Brooke held. To achieve this, Owen used familiar imagery techniques of similes and personification, and sound devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration. In Dulce et DecorumRead More Views on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesViews on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five    Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy due to the many hardships and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fightingRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Slaughter House Five1302 Words   |  6 PagesViews on War in Vonnegut s Slaughter House Five Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fighting in World War II. WhileRead More Slaughterhouse-Five: Futile Search for Meaning Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages Critics often suggest that Kurt Vonnegut’s novels represent a man’s desperate, yet, futile search for meaning in a senseless existence.nbsp; Vonnegut’s novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, displays this theme.nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut uses a narrator, which is different from the main character.nbsp; He uses this technique for several reasons. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut introduces Slaughterhouse Five in the first person.nbsp; In the second chapterRead MoreHow the Atrocities of War Exemplify the Characteristic Moral Ambiguity of Human Nature719 Words   |  3 Pagesleaders adopt in times of war, inspiring further research through the evocation of a need to more thoroughly learn about the moral ambiguity that envelops those in positions of power during wartime. This characteristic moral ambiguity of human nature is most clearly seen in the atrocities of war through institutionalized torture, mass death, and willingness of leaders to sacrifice troops. Through analyses of conflicts such as the World War II, the Vietnam War, the Civil War, the An Lushan RebellionRead More The Rise and Fall of Existentialism1287 Words   |  6 Pagesreflected from the world at large, and the works themselves are a metaphor for a grander shift in Western philosophy.    Intellectualism in post-war Europe had a sort of existential realization of its own, paralleling the experiences of its literary figures. The philosophy of existentialism had its roots in late nineteenth century philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Nietzsche (Crowell), but wasnt popularized until after World War II, and Sartre (Gaarder 455). After two world wars and countlessRead MoreWhy Is There War?950 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is there war? Why is there racism? Why must almost all disputes be solved via violence? Why, why, why. It is in human nature to question, and to be curious. As well as abhorring anything that is different from what society defines as â€Å"normal†. Society abhors anything unusual. Honestly, many things puzzle me, as well as the rest of the human race for the most part. Whether it be the existence of paranormal entities, which has boggled the world for millennia, or the meaning of life. Some thingsRead MoreGuernica, By Pablo Picasso907 Words   |  4 Pagesof his paintings to express the entire meaning to the audience. In the painting Guernica, cubism is used to show all the sides of war. War is terrifying. It is bone chilling; causes pain and despair. There is nothing good about war. Every side, every angle is dark and unsettling. Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica, is a perfect portrayal of the chaos and terror of war. My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art. In the pictureRead MoreThe World War And The End Of The Cold War1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Second World War and the end of the Cold War, both of which are significant turning points in the history of the First World War and have influenced the emergence of memories on the Christmas truce. It will assess how the cultural and political context of the second half the 20th Century led to new modern historiographies of the war and why memories of the truce gained ground in the 1960s, after lacking coherence in the past 50 years. The context of the post-war period and the anti-war narrative

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Abnormality Essay Discuss Two or More Definitions free essay sample

Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behavior ends and abnormal behavior begins Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality AI = 6 marks Knowledge and understanding of definitions of abnormality. AAA = 6 marks Commentary on definitions of abnormality. The term abnormal means deviating from the average. Therefore, If we were to adopt a literal approach to defining abnormality, we would conclude that any rare behavior or ability was abnormal.This, however, is not a useful way of defining abnormality as it doesnt take Into account whether or not the behavior is desirable. There are three ways of defining abnormality; deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately and deviation from ideal mental health. Deviation from Ideal Mental Health focuses on what is normal as opposed to what is abnormal by deciding what normality is, anything that doesnt satisfy this idea of normal must therefore be abnormality, Jihad 1958 spoke about normality as being a positive state of mental health. According to Jihad several conditions should be met in order to satisfy what she calls optimal living. The conditions for optimal living are as follows; a positive view of self (meaning the person must have a feeling of self worth and a reasonable extent of self esteems actualization (meaning the person must become the best they can, autonomy (the person must show a level of Independence), accurate view of reality (their view must not be distorted e. G. They must not think that everyones untrustworthy and everyone is watching them), environmental adaptability (the arson must be able to adapt their behavior to different environments e. . Certain behavior Is appropriate for weddings but not for funerals) and finally resistance to stress (the person must be able to deal with the stresses of everyday life. ) Strengths of this explanation include the fact that it is a positive explanation of the definition of abnormality, focusing on whats desirable rather than undesirable. All thats required to see If a person Is mentally healthy is if they fulfill the defined criteria, making It easier to define mental health as there is a set of conditions to be satisfied.However, this definition assumes that the absence of one of these conditions implies abnormality. In reality a number of the criteria are quite difficult to achieve e. G. actualization Is reached by only a few people In life. If this definition Is applied most people would be deemed as abnormal. Also It Is not always clear what some of the conditions mean in practice e. G. Accurate view of reality. Its not certain what this refers to given that reality is a product of each individuals mind. For example, a soldier In Afghanistan would have a different reality to that of an accountant in London.The definition of what Is mentally healthy varies across cultures. The categories of ideal mental health cannot be generalized to all cultures. Some of the 1 OFF for example theres an emphasis on autonomy which is a particularly western idea. Some cultures place a great deal of emphasis on collective responsibility. Deviation from social norms is behavior that violates implicit and explicit rules and moral standards of a given society. For example; pedophilia and sexual exhibitionism violates moral standards concerning sexual behavior in British society.Norms are unwritten rules created by society to guide behavior. They tell us which behaviors are expected and acceptable and they provide us with some sense of order in society. They are learnt through solicitation, that is, we pick them up from others around us during childhood. Deviation from social norms can be a useful way to identify mental problems. We learn what to expect from individuals, and if heir behavior drastically deviates from this we become concerned on their behalf.For example, people with clinical depression are often unable to motivate themselves to seek assistance and therefore depend on others to summon help. The strengths of this explanation are that the model distinguishes between desirable and undesirable behavior. The social deviancy model also takes into account the effect behavior has on others. Deviances is defined in transgression of social rules and ideally social rules are established in order to help people live together. Behavior that is deviant is socially unacceptable for the rest of us.This way of defining the abnormality takes account of the greater good of society. According to this definition abnormal behavior is behavior that damages others. On the other hand, the weaknesses are that societies change over time and so therefore do their norms; because of this we cannot use opinions held in the past to Judge a behavior as deviant. It must be based on present day thinking. For example; in the sass homosexuality was listed as a mental disorder in the diagnostic and statistical annual (the ADSM is the main classification and diagnosis system for mental illness used in the USA.Homosexuality between consenting adults over 18 is now legal and would not be considered abnormal. Also norms must be considered in context, dress codes give us a good example of this. In the eighteenth century it would have been considered normal for men to wear elaborate wigs, by the twentieth century the habit had completely gone. Furthermore breaking social norms s not necessarily a bad thing, it can stimulate positive social change such as the abolition of slavery.