An Evaluation Of The Alcoholic Beverage And Conversation...

An independent variable, which is what is varied during the experiment, is what will affect the dependent variable. A change in the independent variable directly causes a change in the dependent variable, and you can only have one independent variable. The independent variable is the behavior of one participant that triggers the behavior of another participant. In the first study, the alcoholic beverage and conversation topic selected by Participant #1 is the independent variable. In the second study, the behavior of the seller at the store is the independent variable, as is the verbal and nonverbal communication of some participants in the third study. A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it depends on the independent variable. In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a dependent variable without an independent variable. In the first study, the response of the second person to order the drink and take part in the ongoing conversation is the dependent variable. In the second study, the dependent variable is the mannerisms with which the customer responds to the seller. In the third study, the dependent variables are the response of the people in the â€Å"in-group†, and the response of the people in the â€Å"out-group†. You can have more than one dependent variable, but you can only have one independent variable; in theShow MoreRelatedA Critical Evaluation Of Promotional Strategies Used By Coca Cola3741 Words   |  15 Pages Research Project Title: A Critical Evaluation of promotional strategies used by Coca-Cola in UK Chapter 1 – Introduction (1000-1500) 1.1 Introduction The marketing environment is continuously changing and to take advantage of opportunities and there must be a marketing strategy and strategic plans for organisation. The fast and the efficiency of promotion has become an essential factor for the success of a business project. Corporation is necessary to preserve unity, thus the statement amplifiesRead MoreAlcohol Marketing and Advertising25059 Words   |  101 PagesFederal Trade Commission to study the impact on underage consumers of ads for new flavored malt beverages, and whether the beverage alcohol industry has implemented the recommendations contained in the Commission’s 1999 report to Congress regarding alcohol industry selfregulation. This report sets forth the Commission’s findings on these subjects. The Commission’s investigation of flavored malt beverages (FMBs) indicates that adults appear to be the intended target of FMB marketing, and that theRead MoreLidl Norway30015 Words   |  121 Pages  it’s  only  in  the  later  decades   that   researchers   have   conducted   significant   academic   research   surrounding   this   topic.   Akerhurst   and   Alexander   1996;   Alexander   1997;   Alexander   and   Doherty   2000;   Brown   and  Burt  1992;  Kacker  1985;  McGoldrick  and  Davies  1995;  Sternquist  1998;  Sternquist   and   Kacker   1994;   Hollander   1970   are   all   relatively   modern   articles   surrounding   this   topic.   Most   scientific   articles,   apart   from   Hollander   (1970),   that   have   investigated   the   internationalization  Read MoreAirheads Business Analysis Essay34215 Words   |  137 Pagesin the industry typically locate facilities in medium to large metropolitan areas. These places have attractions such as miniature golf, go-cart tracks, and arcade and video games that may offer redeemable prizes. Other services include food and beverage catering (Family Entertainment Centers, n.d.). Market Size As long as there is a need for leisure time and an increase in consumer disposable income, the demand for FECs will exist. The overwhelming majority of visitors are male between theRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesLEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Establishing the PerformanceRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Goals, Themes, and Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Objectives, Initiatives, Pathways, and Strategies . . . . 111 Activities, Tasks, and Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Evaluation—Accountability in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Planning Hierarchy—An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6—Marketing Information Services . . . .Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLocus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Va lues 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist PrisonRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesfaced by employers. As more and more employment-related lawsuits have been filed, some employers have become more wary about adding employees. Instead, by using contract workers supplied by others, they face fewer employment legal issues regarding selection, discrimination, benefits, discipline, and termination. BNA Using Contingent Workers 445.10 Review the types of contingent workers and the legal issues associated with their use. Demographics and Diversity The U.S. workforce has been changingRead MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pageslearning group. d. service group. e. public group. Answer: b. social group. . Your family is an example of a a. primary group. b. social group. c. public group. d. service group. e. none of the above Answer: a. primary group. . A local Alcoholics Anonymous chapter is an example of a a. primary group. b. self-help group. c. learning group. d. service group. e. public group. Answer: b. self-help group. . Guests who appear on talk shows and interact with other guests for the benefitRead MoreHow Tv Commercials Influence Consumer Cosmetic Products Purchasing Decisions18056 Words   |  73 Pagesinfluence consumers purchase decision 24 2.3 The relationship between advertising and customer behavior 26 2.3.1 The aspects influencing advertising information 26 2.3.2 Consumer response process: AIDA Model 27 2.3.3 Previous studies related to topic 29 2.3 Summery and hypotheses 31 Chapter Three: Methodology 32 3.1 Research philosophy, approach and strategy 32 3.2 Sampling 33 3.3 Research instrument 34 3.4 Procedures for data collection 35 3.5 Data analysis 35 3.6 Research ethics 36 3

Dual Relationships Within The Mental Health Field

In the mental health field, dual relationships can often be damaging to both the client and the therapist. There are several situations where dual relationships, whether considered ethical or not, affect the course of treatment for the client, and the personal lives of therapists. Although some forms of dual or multiple relationships are unavoidable, engaging in a personal relationship between patient and client always involves the possibility of skewing therapeutic results. Dual relationships are defined as having relations with the client outside of therapy, and in most cases it is considered to be unethical. There are four main types of dual relationships including professional, social, business, and sexual. A professional dual†¦show more content†¦Once a therapist enters into a dual relationship with their clients, feelings of mistrust, unhealthy attachment, and exploitation are common. In a survey conducted by the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, a group o f various females who admitted to having sexual contact with their therapists/ psychiatrists were interviewed and given a questionnaire to measure their self-esteem, depression, attitudes, and psychosomatic/psychological assumptions. The results showed that the women ranging from ages 26-45 developed a strong mistrust and anger toward these health care professionals (Feldman-Summers Jones, 1984). This study demonstrated how much influence a therapist has on their client and shows that the bond between therapist and client is delicate and needs to be treated with both respect and understanding. â€Å"Sexual boundary violations are considered the most serious ethical infraction in the mental health profession, as well as in higher education and pastoral counseling. Recognized as unethical due to the power imbalance inherent in the structure of the therapist-patient and teacher-student dyads, erotic contact between therapists and patients has been revealed in prevalence studies to o ccur at an unacceptably high incidence rate (9 to 12 per cent) among mental health practitioners† (Czlenza, 2007). The imbalance of power when there is a sexual relationship present can be extremely damaging to

World War One Was a Senseless War Essay - 457 Words

World War One Was a Senseless War World War One was the first major war that was fought in mainly in Europe, and parts of Asia. The war lasted from July 28th, 1914 to November 11th, 1928. There were over a hundred nations involved not only from Europe, but from Asia, Africa, Central America, North America and many Island nations. There were millions of casualties fighting in slow moving trench warfare , and many battles were also fought at sea. There are many reason why the world plunged into its first world war. There were over a half a dozen mutual protection pacts that forced other countries to enter the war. The fact that countries were in an arms race well before the war is a leading cause. Also Imperialism led to war because†¦show more content†¦In the late 19th century and the early 20th century European nations decided to ally with each other out of fear of being attacked. They set up mutual protection pacts. These pacts were designed to help defend their countries if they were invaded. The pacts wer e known as the Treaty Alliance System. The main pacts that were present before World War One were; Russia and Serbia, Japan and Britain, France and Russia, Germany and Austria Hungary, and Britain, France and Belgium. The US was neutral until the German navy attacked our civilian ships. So if anyone of the countries was attacked it would set off a chain reaction leading to total war. That is exactly what happened. Another reason why war was inevitable was Germany was mobilizing a massive army, stockpiling huge amounts of weapons, and building up its navy at the same time. At the same time Britain was building up a massive navy as well. Germany and Russias government were increasingly becoming more militarized. Each country was trying to show dominance over the other one. The smallest incident, but the most significant was the assignation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the thrown for Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia was invo lved. That led to Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Russia had a protection pact with Serbia and started mobilizing to defend the country. Germany saw this and then declared war on Russia. In turn France hadShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of World War I962 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I the first of its kind would mark an entire generation; could what today is known as the lost generation have been avoidable or was President Woodrow Wilson just prolonging the inevitable by his neutrality. The following will guide you through a brief outline of the WWI and how one man s justifications sent an entire nation to war. Woodrow Wilson, a man with questionable motives when speaking in terms of neutrality during World War I. Was Wilson’s neutrality an attempt to spare theRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth915 Words   |  4 Pagesthink the author’s purpose is, and what techniques were used to achieve this. In the two poems, Dulce et Decorum est., and Anthem for Doomed Youth, both written by Wilfred Owen, the author’s main purpose was to expose the true horrors of World War II and to challenge the romanticized view of war that poets such as Rupert Brooke held. To achieve this, Owen used familiar imagery techniques of similes and personification, and sound devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration. In Dulce et DecorumRead More Views on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesViews on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five    Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy due to the many hardships and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fightingRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Slaughter House Five1302 Words   |  6 PagesViews on War in Vonnegut s Slaughter House Five Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fighting in World War II. WhileRead More Slaughterhouse-Five: Futile Search for Meaning Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages Critics often suggest that Kurt Vonnegut’s novels represent a man’s desperate, yet, futile search for meaning in a senseless existence.nbsp; Vonnegut’s novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, displays this theme.nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut uses a narrator, which is different from the main character.nbsp; He uses this technique for several reasons. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut introduces Slaughterhouse Five in the first person.nbsp; In the second chapterRead MoreHow the Atrocities of War Exemplify the Characteristic Moral Ambiguity of Human Nature719 Words   |  3 Pagesleaders adopt in times of war, inspiring further research through the evocation of a need to more thoroughly learn about the moral ambiguity that envelops those in positions of power during wartime. This characteristic moral ambiguity of human nature is most clearly seen in the atrocities of war through institutionalized torture, mass death, and willingness of leaders to sacrifice troops. Through analyses of conflicts such as the World War II, the Vietnam War, the Civil War, the An Lushan RebellionRead More The Rise and Fall of Existentialism1287 Words   |  6 Pagesreflected from the world at large, and the works themselves are a metaphor for a grander shift in Western philosophy.    Intellectualism in post-war Europe had a sort of existential realization of its own, paralleling the experiences of its literary figures. The philosophy of existentialism had its roots in late nineteenth century philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Nietzsche (Crowell), but wasnt popularized until after World War II, and Sartre (Gaarder 455). After two world wars and countlessRead MoreWhy Is There War?950 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is there war? Why is there racism? Why must almost all disputes be solved via violence? Why, why, why. It is in human nature to question, and to be curious. As well as abhorring anything that is different from what society defines as â€Å"normal†. Society abhors anything unusual. Honestly, many things puzzle me, as well as the rest of the human race for the most part. Whether it be the existence of paranormal entities, which has boggled the world for millennia, or the meaning of life. Some thingsRead MoreGuernica, By Pablo Picasso907 Words   |  4 Pagesof his paintings to express the entire meaning to the audience. In the painting Guernica, cubism is used to show all the sides of war. War is terrifying. It is bone chilling; causes pain and despair. There is nothing good about war. Every side, every angle is dark and unsettling. Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica, is a perfect portrayal of the chaos and terror of war. My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art. In the pictureRead MoreThe World War And The End Of The Cold War1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Second World War and the end of the Cold War, both of which are significant turning points in the history of the First World War and have influenced the emergence of memories on the Christmas truce. It will assess how the cultural and political context of the second half the 20th Century led to new modern historiographies of the war and why memories of the truce gained ground in the 1960s, after lacking coherence in the past 50 years. The context of the post-war period and the anti-war narrative

Abnormality Essay Discuss Two or More Definitions free essay sample

Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behavior ends and abnormal behavior begins Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality AI = 6 marks Knowledge and understanding of definitions of abnormality. AAA = 6 marks Commentary on definitions of abnormality. The term abnormal means deviating from the average. Therefore, If we were to adopt a literal approach to defining abnormality, we would conclude that any rare behavior or ability was abnormal.This, however, is not a useful way of defining abnormality as it doesnt take Into account whether or not the behavior is desirable. There are three ways of defining abnormality; deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately and deviation from ideal mental health. Deviation from Ideal Mental Health focuses on what is normal as opposed to what is abnormal by deciding what normality is, anything that doesnt satisfy this idea of normal must therefore be abnormality, Jihad 1958 spoke about normality as being a positive state of mental health. According to Jihad several conditions should be met in order to satisfy what she calls optimal living. The conditions for optimal living are as follows; a positive view of self (meaning the person must have a feeling of self worth and a reasonable extent of self esteems actualization (meaning the person must become the best they can, autonomy (the person must show a level of Independence), accurate view of reality (their view must not be distorted e. G. They must not think that everyones untrustworthy and everyone is watching them), environmental adaptability (the arson must be able to adapt their behavior to different environments e. . Certain behavior Is appropriate for weddings but not for funerals) and finally resistance to stress (the person must be able to deal with the stresses of everyday life. ) Strengths of this explanation include the fact that it is a positive explanation of the definition of abnormality, focusing on whats desirable rather than undesirable. All thats required to see If a person Is mentally healthy is if they fulfill the defined criteria, making It easier to define mental health as there is a set of conditions to be satisfied.However, this definition assumes that the absence of one of these conditions implies abnormality. In reality a number of the criteria are quite difficult to achieve e. G. actualization Is reached by only a few people In life. If this definition Is applied most people would be deemed as abnormal. Also It Is not always clear what some of the conditions mean in practice e. G. Accurate view of reality. Its not certain what this refers to given that reality is a product of each individuals mind. For example, a soldier In Afghanistan would have a different reality to that of an accountant in London.The definition of what Is mentally healthy varies across cultures. The categories of ideal mental health cannot be generalized to all cultures. Some of the 1 OFF for example theres an emphasis on autonomy which is a particularly western idea. Some cultures place a great deal of emphasis on collective responsibility. Deviation from social norms is behavior that violates implicit and explicit rules and moral standards of a given society. For example; pedophilia and sexual exhibitionism violates moral standards concerning sexual behavior in British society.Norms are unwritten rules created by society to guide behavior. They tell us which behaviors are expected and acceptable and they provide us with some sense of order in society. They are learnt through solicitation, that is, we pick them up from others around us during childhood. Deviation from social norms can be a useful way to identify mental problems. We learn what to expect from individuals, and if heir behavior drastically deviates from this we become concerned on their behalf.For example, people with clinical depression are often unable to motivate themselves to seek assistance and therefore depend on others to summon help. The strengths of this explanation are that the model distinguishes between desirable and undesirable behavior. The social deviancy model also takes into account the effect behavior has on others. Deviances is defined in transgression of social rules and ideally social rules are established in order to help people live together. Behavior that is deviant is socially unacceptable for the rest of us.This way of defining the abnormality takes account of the greater good of society. According to this definition abnormal behavior is behavior that damages others. On the other hand, the weaknesses are that societies change over time and so therefore do their norms; because of this we cannot use opinions held in the past to Judge a behavior as deviant. It must be based on present day thinking. For example; in the sass homosexuality was listed as a mental disorder in the diagnostic and statistical annual (the ADSM is the main classification and diagnosis system for mental illness used in the USA.Homosexuality between consenting adults over 18 is now legal and would not be considered abnormal. Also norms must be considered in context, dress codes give us a good example of this. In the eighteenth century it would have been considered normal for men to wear elaborate wigs, by the twentieth century the habit had completely gone. Furthermore breaking social norms s not necessarily a bad thing, it can stimulate positive social change such as the abolition of slavery.